Adaptive Training: A New Method to Improve the Image Quality of Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

BACKGROUND: In abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the late hepatic arterial phase is particularly important for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, poor patient compliance with breath-hold imaging acquisition protocols and the administration of the liverspecific contrast agent gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) increases the motion artifacts that degrade the quality of the images making it more difficult to interpret the images. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the role of adaptive respiratory training in improving the quality of the MRI by reducing the motion artifacts and improving the signal intensity from the regions of interest (ROI) in the late hepatic arterial phase. METHODS: A total of 120 patients who underwent an abdominal MRI between 2021 to 2022 to assess for the liver disease were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The patients in the experimental group received adaptive training. The incidence of motion artifacts and the signal intensity in the late hepatic arterial phase within the abdominal aorta, hepatic artery, splenic artery, and hepatic parenchyma between the experimental group and the control group were compared. RESULTS: The incidence of motion artifacts in the experimental group was significantly reduced by 28.3% (p = 0.001, Chi-square value = 12.079). In the late hepatic arterial phase, the signal intensity of the abdominal aorta, the hepatic artery, the splenic artery, and the hepatic parenchyma increased by 7.3%, 27.4%, 29.5%, and 6.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Adaptive respiratory training reduced the incidence of motion artifacts and improved the signal intensity for various ROI. The improved image quality could potentially facilitate image interpretation and reduce the number of repeat MRI scans.

Application of DNA methylation markers in the whole process management of cervical lesions / 中国医师杂志

DNA methylation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. DNA methylation detection can be combined or complemented with human papillomavirus (HPV), cytology, etc., which is helpful to improve the accuracy of cervical cancer screening or reduce the rate of colposcopy referral. In this review, we focus on the significance of DNA methylation markers in cervical cancer screening and overall management.

T2 mapping and readout segmentation of long variable echo-train diffusion-weighted imaging for the differentiation of parotid gland tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of radial turbo-spin-echo (TSE) T2 mapping and readout segmentation of long variable echo-train diffusion-weighted imaging (RESOLVE DWI) for the differentiation of parotid gland tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-four patients with histopathologically confirmed parotid gland tumors were retrospectively recruited from June 2018 to May 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. There were 111 benign tumors and 43 malignant tumors. Benign tumors were further divided into pleomorphic adenomas (n = 69) and Warthin's tumors (n = 26). All patients were scanned using T2 mapping and RESOLVE DWI. T2 and ADC values and a combination of the two methods were compared and analyzed for the ability to differentiate parotid gland tumor types. RESULTS: The T2 and ADC values of benign tumors were significantly higher than those of the malignant tumors (127.97 ± 56.29 ms vs 97.53 ± 45.24 ms, 1.27 ± 0.40 × 10-3 mm2/s vs 1.00 ± 0.39 × 10-3 mm2/s, all P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the T2 and ADC values for differentiating (1) benign and malignant parotid tumors, (2) pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin's tumors, (3) pleomorphic adenomas and malignant tumors, and (4) Warthin's tumors and malignant tumors were 0.709 and 0.715, 0.918 and 0.994, 0.748 and 0.774, and 0.665 and 0.659, respectively, with no significant differences observed between the T2 and ADC values (all P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in these values among the three tumor groups (malignant tumor, pleomorphic adenoma, and Warthin's tumor groups, all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: T2 mapping and RESOLVE DWI can be used to differentiate various parotid gland tumors. T2 values are comparable to ADC values.

Clinicopathological characteristics and differential diagnosis of 6 cases of congenital granular cell tumor / 中华口腔医学杂志

To provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital granular cell tumor (CGCT), by comprehensive analysis of the clinical data, histopathological and immunohistochemical results. Patients with CGCT were involede, from March 2015 to November 2020, at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. A total of 6 children, aged 3-16 days, 1 male and 5 female, 5 maxillary and 1 mandibular, with maximum tumor diameter of 6-70 mm, were included. The lesions of CGCT were single and connected to the alveolar ridge by a pedicle. The surface of the tumor was covered with a vascular network, and two cases had ulcers on the surface of the tumor. All 6 cases had the tumor removed surgically and there was no recurrence or metastasis in the follow-up visit. Although CGCT is rare, it is a benign tumor and generally does not recur or metastasize after surgery, and has a good prognosis. The prenatal imaging, clinical manifestations after delivery, pathological characteristics and immunohistochemical analyses may provide reference for early diagnosis and treatment of CGCT.

Effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and Chuanxiong Rhizoma Extract on Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Endothelial Cell Aging / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and Chuanxiong Rhizoma extract （GNC） on mitochondrial oxidative stress in hydrogen peroxide （H₂O₂）-induced aging of human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs）， and explore the therapeutic mechanism of GNC on aging HUVECs. Method:The HUVECs were classified into the control group （control）， H₂O₂ model group （H₂O₂）， H₂O₂ + DMSO group （DMSO， 1 mL·L^-1）， resveratrol group （Resv， 8 μmol·L^-1）， and low- （200 mg·L^-1）， medium- （300 mg·L^-1）， and high-dose （400 mg·L^-1） GNC （GNC-L， GNC-M， and GNC-H） groups. Except control group and H₂O₂ group， the other groups were intervened with corresponding agents. Subsequently， 300 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ was given to other groups except the control group for 4 h to induce aging， and then the cells were cultured in normal media for 24 h. The aging degree， cell cycle， and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species （mtROS） level were determined by SA-<italic>β</italic>-galactosidase （SA-<italic>β</italic>-Gal） staining， flow cytometry， and MitoSox red fluorescence staining， respectively. JC-10 was used as a fluorescent probe to detect the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential， and Western blot was performed to detect the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase （MnSOD） and p-p66 proteins. Result:The SA-<italic>β</italic>-gal staining results showed that H₂O₂ group had increased blue-stained cells compared with other groups （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with those in the control group， the ratio of G₀/G₁ phase cells significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05） and that of G₂/M phase cells decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05） in the H₂O₂ group. Compared with those in the H₂O₂ group， the proportion of G₀/G₁ cells decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05） while that of G₂/M cells increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05） in GNC-H groups and Resv group. The fluorescence staining for determining mitochondrial ROS level showed that the H₂O₂ group had weakened fluorescence intensity than the control， GNC-H， and GNC-M groups （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The mitochondrial membrane potential fluorescence intensity of the H₂O₂ group was weaker than that of the control， GNC-H， GNC-M， and GNC-L groups （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， as well as the Resv group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Western blot showed that the protein level of MnSOD was significantly lower in the H₂O₂ group than in the control， GNS-H， and GNS-M groups （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， whereas the protein level of p-p66 showed an opposite trend （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， indicating that the medication can alleviate the intracellular mitochondrial oxidative stress. Conclusion:GNC can delay the H₂O₂-induced aging of vascular endothelial cells. The GNC intervention significantly regulated the mitochondrial ROS， mitochondrial membrane potential， and related proteins MnSOD and p-p66 to alleviate oxidative stress. Chinese medicinal materials may delay the aging of vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Assessment of the quality of life of mandibular ameloblastoma patients after reconstruction with double-barrel fibula flap / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyse the quality of life of patients receiving repair of bone defect with folded fibula flap after removal of mandibular ameloblastoma. Methods: The case data of 39 patients with ameloblastoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2013 to April 2016 were retrospectively analysed, including 21 males and 18 females, from 18 to 58 years old. 3D printing and digital technology were used in flap preparation before surgery in all patients. The folded fibular flaps were used to repair mandibular defects and the implants were placed between 6-9 months after surgery. The short form-36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) and the university of Washington quality of life questionnaire (UW-QOL) were applied to evaluate the quality of life of patients before surgery and at 6 months and 24 months after surgery. The higher the score, the better the condition. SPSS 20.0 was adopted for statistical analysis. Results: The SF-36 survey showed that the mean score of body role before surgery (72.4±11.7) was significantly higher than that at 6 months after surgery (39.6±11.1, t=23.580, P<0.05) or that at 24 months after surgery (59.8±6.4, t=8.358, P<0.001). Compared with the preoperative mean scores of Physical Pain (73.0±11.0), General Health (73.4±10.4) and Health Changes (79.2±3.9) before surgery, the mean scores Physical Pain (53.1±7.7), General Health (53.5±7.5) and Health Changes (63.9±11.7) at 6 months after surgery were decreased significantly respectively (t=13.068, 13.756 and 10.880, respectively, all P<0.05), but the mean scores Physical Pain (78.8±14.0), General Health (80.9±12.6) and Health Changes (84.4±4.6) at 24 months after surgery were increased significantly respectively (t=-2.904, -4.027 and -7.586, respectively, all P<0.05), with significant differences in the mean scores of Physical Pain, General Health and Health Changes between 6 and 24 months after surgery (t=-14.241, -16.490, -14.294, respectively, all P<0.001). The UW-QOL survey showed that the mean scores of chewing, language and taste functions decreased at 6 months after surgery (53.1±6.7, 53.0±7.7 and 62.2±9.9, respectively), but improved at 24 months after surgery (67.9±3.9, 63.9±2.9 and 68.4±11.1, respectively), with statistically significant difference (t=-16.765, -11.675 and 2.498, respectively, all P<0.001). Conclusion: The application of folded fibula flaps to repair bone defects after sugery of mandibular ameloblastoma can better meet the needs of language and chewing functions and improve the quality of life of patients.

Effect of digital and 3D printing technology combined with non-vascularized ilium in repairing post-traumatic bone defect in maxillary anterior teeth area / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of digital technology and 3D printing technology combined with non-vascularized ilium bone in repairing post-traumatic bone defect in maxillary anterior area.Methods:A retrospective case series study was performed to analyze clinical data of 8 patients with severe bone defect in maxillary anterior area after trauma admitted to First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2013 to January 2018. There were 6 males and 2 females, with the age of 18-43 years [(31.9±9.0)years]. The maxillary bone was reconstructed before surgery by employing digital technology. The intercept range of ilium was determined according to the best form of defect to be recovered. Then the model and guide plate was printed out by employing 3D print technology. The titanium mesh was prebended on the model. The bone was extracted and Onlay bone grafting was performed according to the guide plate. The implant restoration was performed 6 to 9 months after operation, and porcelain crown restoration was performed 4 to 6 months later. The iliac bone survival and postoperative complications were detected 6 months after bone grafting. The near-middle-far and vertical bone elevation of the alveolar ridge as well as bone elevation of lip palatal were measured before implantation. The condition around the implants was observed 6 months after porcelain crown restoration. The visual analogue score (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain after iliac bone transplantation and implantation. The implant stability coefficient (ISQ) was applied to assess the stability of the implants on the day and 4 months after operation.Results:All the patients were followed up for 24-48 months [(33.3±9.7)months]. Eight patients with non-vascularized iliums were all survived. There was one patient with mild infection after bone grafting and one patient with gingival inflammatory hyperplasia after implantation, both of whom were healed after treatment. There was no obvious peri-implant inflammation or absorption of the grafted bone. The increase in height of the alveolar on the mesial and distal bone, vertical bone and labial-palatal bone was 30.28-39.67 mm, 9.58-11.32 mm and 2.06-7.41 mm, respectively. All the implants showed good osseointegration. The VAS after implantation was (3.4±0.7)points, significantly alleviated compared with the preoperational level [(7.3±2.0)points] ( P<0.05). The ISQ was 84.4±1.9 at postoperative 4 months, showing no significant difference from that on the day after operation (72.9±1.4) ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In repair of severe bone defect in maxillary anterior area after trauma, the digital and 3D printing technology combined with non-vascularized ilium can improve the survival rate of bone grafts. The implant restoration after operation can reduce pain, restore the patients' facial appearance and achieve satisfactory oral physiological function.

Mechanism of extract of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma on SIRT1 autophagy pathway of endothelial cell senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the effect of extract of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(hereinafter referred to as GNS) on the SIRT1-autophagy pathway of endothelial cell senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2). To be specific, vascular endothelial cells were classified into the blank control group(control), model group(model), model + DMSO group(DMSO), resveratrol group(RESV), and GNS low-dose(GNS-L), medium-dose(GNS-M), and high-dose(GNS-H) groups. They were treated with H_2O_2 for senescence induction except the control. After intervention of cells in each group with corresponding drugs for 24 h, cell growth status was observed under an inverted microscope, and the formation of autophagosome under the transmission electron microscope. In addition, the changes of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β(LC3 B) were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The autophagy flux was tracked with the autophagy double-labeled adenovirus(mRFP-GFP-LC3) fusion protein. Dansylcadaverine(MDC) staining was employed to determine the autophagic vesicles, and Western blot the expression of sirtuin 1(SIRT1), ubiquitin-binding protein p62, and LC3Ⅱ. After H_2O_2 induction, cells demonstrated slow growth, decreased adhesion ability, raised number of SA-β-gal-stained blue ones, a certain number of autophagosomes with bilayer membrane and secondary lysosomes in the cytoplasm, and slight rise of autophagy flux level. Compared with the model group, GNS groups showed improved morphology, moderate adhesion ability, complete and smooth membrane, decreased SA-β-gal-stained blue cells, many autophagosomes, autophagic vesicles, and secondary lysosomes in the cytoplasm, increased autophagolysosomes, autophagy flux level, and fluorescence intensity of LC3 B and MDC, up-regulated expression of SIRT1 and LC3Ⅱ, and down-regulated expression of p62, suggesting the improvement of autophagy level. GNS can delay the senescence of vascular endothelial cells. After the intervention, the autophagy flux and related proteins SIRT1, LC3Ⅱand p62 changed significantly, and the autophagy level increased significantly. However, EX527 weakened the effect of Chinese medicine in delaying vascular senescence. GNS may delay the senescence of vascular endothelial cells through the SIRT1 autophagy pathway.

Minimal contribution of IP3R2 in cardiac differentiation and derived ventricular-like myocytes from human embryonic stem cells.

Type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R2) regulates the intracellular Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPCs), and mammalian cardiomyocytes. However, the role of IP3R2 in human cardiac development is unknown and its function in mammalian cardiomyocytes is controversial. hESC-derived cardiomyocytes have unique merits in disease modeling, cell therapy, and drug screening. Therefore, understanding the role of IP3R2 in the generation and function of human cardiomyocytes would be valuable for the application of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes. In the current study, we investigated the role of IP3R2 in the differentiation of hESCs to cardiomyocytes and in the hESC-derived cardiomyocytes. By using IP3R2 knockout (IP3R2KO) hESCs, we showed that IP3R2KO did not affect the self-renewal of hESCs as well as the differentiation ability of hESCs into CVPCs and cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated the ventricular-like myocyte characteristics of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes. Under the α1-adrenergic stimulation by phenylephrine (10 µmol/L), the amplitude and maximum rate of depolarization of action potential (AP) were slightly affected in the IP3R2KO hESC-derived cardiomyocytes at differentiation day 90, whereas the other parameters of APs and the Ca2+ transients did not show significant changes compared with these in the wide-type ones. These results demonstrate that IP3R2 has minimal contribution to the differentiation and function of human cardiomyocytes derived from hESCs, thus provide the new knowledge to the function of IP3R2 in the generation of human cardiac lineage cells and in the early cardiomyocytes.

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan in Treatment of Atherosclerosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The application of clinical medication and basic research progress of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan in the treatment of atherosclerosis （AS） were summarized. According to the different pathogenic sites of AS， the clinical research progress of TCM for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan in the treatment of AS and the commonly used TCM for the treatment of AS were summarized. Astragali Radix， Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix， Quinquefolium Panax， Cocos Wolf Poria， Atractylodis Rhizoma， Rosea Rhodiola， which were Yiqi herbs， were mostly used for the treatment of AS. Wallichii Ligusticum， Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix， Notoginseng Radix， Paeoniae Rubra Radix， Paeoniae Alba Radix， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Semen Persicae， Tinctorius Carthamus， Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix， tea root， which were Huoxue herbs， were mostly used for the treatment of AS. Huatan herbs， including Kirilowii Maxim Trichosanthes， Pinelliae Rhizama， Acorus Tatarinowii Schott， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Cum Bile Arisaema， Silicea Bambusae Concretio， Aurantii Immaturus Fructus， Bamboo Juice， were commonly used for the treatment of AS. According to the findings， TCM for Yiqi Huoxue was mostly combined with insect medicine and rattan medicine for the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis， combined with TCM for promoting Qi， relieving pain， dissipating blood stasis and reducing phlegm for the treatment of coronary heart disease， and combined with TCM for relaxing tendons and activating collaterals， resolving phlegm to benefit orifices， and invigorating spleen to remove dampness combined for the treatment of lower extremity sclerosis. In addition， the medication time， drug combination and improvement indexes were summarized. In basic studies， the experimental progress of this kind of medicine for the treatment of AS were summed up in the aspect of reducing inflammatory reaction， improving the abnormal lipid metabolism and improving the damage of inner membrane. At present， it was found that tanshinone， total saponins of stem and leaf of Panax Quinquefolium， extract of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. Qishen Yiqi dropping pill， Huxinkang tablet， Danlou tablet， Buyang Huanwutang combined with Gualou Xiebaitang， Huazhuo Tongmai powder were the main drugs for basic research， and the animal model， model characteristics and the mechanism of action were summarized. In order to provide a reference for the rational application of TCM for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan in the treatment of AS， the application law， the mechanism and characteristics of action and the future research directions of TCM for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan were summarized and reviewed.

Efficacy and Safety of Duloxetine in the Improvement of Pain Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis ：A Meta-analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To systematically e valuate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine in the improvement of pain symptoms of knee osteoarthritis （KOA），and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment of KOA. METHODS ：Retrieved from PubMed，Embase，Medline，Cochrane Library ，CNKI，VIP and Wanfang database ，during the establishment of the database to Sept. 2019，RCTs about duloxetine （trial group ）vs. placebo （control group ）in the improvement of pain symptoms of KOA were collected. After data extraction and quality evaluation using Cochrane system evaluator ’s manual 5.1.0，Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 14.0 software for WOMAC total score ，WOMAC pain score ，WOMAC stiffness score ，WOMAC function score and BPI-S score ，as well as the incidence of adverse reaction such as dry mouth ，somnolence and nausea. RESULTS：A total of 6 RCTs were included ，involving 2 059 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that WOMAC total score [MD＝－0.34，95％CI（－0.48，－0.20），P＜0.05]，WOMAC pain score [MD ＝－0.41，95％CI（－0.54，－0.29），P＜0.05]， WOMAC stiffness score [MD ＝－0.24，95％ CI（－0.37，－0.12），P＜0.05]，WOMAC function score [MD ＝－0.43，95％CI （－0.55，－0.31），P＜0.05]，BPI-S score [MD ＝－0.38，95％CI（－0.48，－0.28），P＜0.05] of trial group were significantly lower than those of control group ；the incidence of dry mouth [RR ＝3.55，95％CI（2.00，6.29），P＜0.05]，somnolence [RR ＝3.23， 95％CI（1.88，5.54），P＜0.05] and nausea [RR ＝6.95，95％CI（2.99，16.15），P＜0.05] in trial group were significantly higher than control group ，with significant difference. CONCLUSIONS ：Duloxetine can relieve the pain and improve knee function in patients with KOA ，but it is necessary to pay attention to its adverse reactions.

Assessment of the quality of life of tongue base cancer patients after reconstruction with anterolateral thigh perforator flap / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of patients who underwent resection of tongue base cancer and reconstruction by anterolateral thigh perforator free flap(ALTFF).@*Methods@#A total of 77 patients with tongue cancer who underwent glossectomy and reconstruction by ALTFF were retrospectively analyzed in this work. At intervals of 3-month before operation, as well as both 3-month and 12-month post-operation, the QOL of these patients was assessed by using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaires(OHIP-14) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Module(EORTC-QLQ-H&N35).@*Results@#The OHIP-14 questionnaire showed the physiological pain can be significantly alleviated at 3 months postoperatively. The highest score were psychological discomfort and psychological disorders at 3 months postoperatively. Functional limitations cannot be restored to preoperative level at 12 months postoperatively, although lower than that in 3 months postoperatively(40.6±10.3 vs 39.2±10.6, t=-0.812, P=0.948). The EORTC-QLQ-H & N35 survey showed that swallowing, language and diet were higher at 3 months postoperatively, and improved significantly at 12 months postoperatively. Teeth and mouth opening was lower before and after surgery, and no significant difference was observed.@*Conclusion@#The use of ALTFF to repair tongue base cancer, can restore the patient′s appearance, language and chewing function of the basic needs and improve the quality of life of patients.

Assessment of the quality of life of mandible defect after reconstruction with fibula flap / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of patients who underwent resection of mandible and reconstruction by fibula flap.@*Methods@#A total of seventy six patients who underwent resection of mandible and reconstruction by fibula flap admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2013 to August 2016 were prospectively analyzed. In the preoperative and postoperative 3 month, 12 months, the QOL of these patients were assessed by using the 14-item oral health impact profile questionnaires (OHIP), The University of Washington quality of life (UW-QOL) and the European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire head and neck module (EORTC-QLQ-H&N).@*Results@#The OHIP-14 questionnaire showed the highest score of the three months after surgery was mental discomfort (73.0±11.9) and psychological disorder (72.1±11.9), and it was difficult to be relieved over time. In the 12 months after surgery, the lowest scores were physiological pain (35.0±8.6) and disability (37.5±10.2), and 87% (66/76) patients thought that the flap repair worked well. The UW-QOL questionnaire showed that the scores of the patients' chewing, taste and salivary were significantly reduced by 3 months after the operation, and they were still unable to recover to preoperative level 12 months after surgery. The EORTC-QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire showed that swallowing, language, and diet scored higher in the three months after surgery, but could be restored to preoperative levels 12 months after surgery. The score was higher in 12 months after the operation than before surgery and was related to radiotherapy in some patients.@*Conclusions@#Using fibula flap to repair the mandible defect can restore the patient's jaw function and improve the quality of life of the patients.

Treatment of occlusal disorder caused by old mid-facial fracture / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the treatment results of occlusal disorder caused by old mid-facial fracture.@*Methods@#A total of 299 patients aged 26-51 years were enrolled in this study. All cases experienced a delay of treatment over 4 weeks after injury. The old mid-facial fracture was scanned by spiral CT and model surgery conducted. Ostectomy and rigid internal fixation were performed.@*Results@#The wound was healed by first intention without infection and other complications. After 1-24 months of follow-up, 299 patients achieved well-shaped mid-face and the occlusion was recovered with mouth opening of over 2 cm.@*Conclusions@#Model surgery combined with ostectomy and rigid internal fixation can achieve satisfied treatment results in patients with old mid-facial fractures.

Implant restoration on folded fibular graft for the repair of mandibular defect / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To discuss the key points of implant restoration on folded fibular graft for mandibular defect.@*Methods@#Fifteen patients with mandibular ameloblastoma were treated by segmental resection of the mandible.The mandibular defect was reconstructed with vascularized folded fibular graft. Implant restoration on the graft was conduced 6-9 months after operation.The results were evaluated.@*Results@#All patients had no tenderness in the temporomandibular joint region. The mouth opening reached 3.1-3.9 cm and the occlusion relationship was good. There was no obvious abnormality in masticatory and swallowing function. After 12-48 months of follow-up, the implants were all survived.@*Conclusions@#The application of folded fibula for both mandible defect repair and postoperative implant restoration could achieve satisfactory results in restoration of the facial appearance and physiological function of oral cavity.

Effect of platelet rich plasma combined with core decompression on the repair of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head and the MMP/TIMP in rabbits / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of platelet rich plasma(PRP)combined with core decompression on the steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head(SANFH)and on MMP/TIM in rabbits.Methods A total of 42 New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study,and were randomly divided into 3 groups(decompression,combination and control groups,each n=14). The rabbit model of SANFH was established by i.m. injecting prednisolone acetate in the decompression group and combination group. The improved Landesberg method was used to make the platelet rich plasma. The decompression group received core decompression treatment while the combination group received PRP combined with core decompression for bone repair. X-ray photography of the hip joint of the two groups were taken at 2,6 and 10 weeks after the surgery,and the Lane-Sandhu X-ray scores and new bone area ratio were compared. Venous blood samples of the 3 groups were collected and the bilateral femoral heads were taken for further examination. The left femoral heads were used for histopathological observation and the right ones were used to determine the expression of the mRNA of MMP-2,MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. Results The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the decompression group were higher than that in the combination group and control group after surgery. The levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in the decompression group were significantly lower than the combination group and control group(P < 0.05). The IL-6 level and the rate of empty bone lacunae in the decompression group were significantly higher than the combination group and control group(P < 0.05), and that of the combination group was higher than the control group(P < 0.05). The combination group had a better joint imaging and histopathological evaluation than the decompression group after surgery. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that PRP combined with core decompression can exert a positive effect on the MMP/TIMP and bone tissue repair in the treatment of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits.

Protection Effect of Exogenous Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 on the Kidney Injury in Vascular Calcification Rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is closely related to the cardiovascular events in vascular calcification (VC). However, little has known about the characteristics of kidney injury caused by VC. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine factor, which takes part in various metabolic actions with the potential to alleviate metabolic disorder diseases. Even FGF21 has been regarded as a biomarker in CKD, the role of FGF21 in CKD remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the FGF21 on the kidney injury in VC rats.</p><p><b>Methods</b>The male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: (1) control group, (2) Vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN)-induced VC group, (3) FGF21-treated VDN group. After 4 weeks, the rats were killed and the blood was collected for serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, calcium, and phosphate measurement. Moreover, the renal tissues were homogenized for alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) activity and calcium content. The levels of FGF21 protein were measured by radioimmunoassay. The levels of β-Klotho and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The structural damage and calcifications in aortas were stained by Alizarin-red S. Moreover, the structure of kidney was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.</p><p><b>Results</b>The renal function impairment caused by VDN modeling was ameliorated by FGF21 treatment, inhibited the elevated serum creatinine and urea level by 20.5% (34.750 ± 4.334 μmol/L vs. 27.630 ± 2.387 μmol/L) and 4.0% (7.038 ± 0.590 mmol/L vs. 6.763 ± 0.374 mmol/L; P < 0.01), respectively, together with the structural damages of glomerular atrophy and renal interstitial fibrosis. FGF21 treatment downregulated the ALP activity, calcium content in the kidney of VC rats by 42.1% (P < 0.01) and 11.7% (P < 0.05) as well as ameliorated the aortic injury and calcification as compared with VDN treatment alone group, indicating an ameliorative effect on VC. ELISA assays showed that the expression of β-Klotho, a component of FGF21 receptor system, was increased in VDN-treated VC rats by 37.4% (6.588 ± 0.957 pg/mg vs. 9.054 ± 0.963 pg/mg; P < 0.01), indicating an FGF21-resistant state. Moreover, FGF21 treatment downregulated the level of β-Klotho in renal tissue by 16.7% (9.054 ± 0.963 pg/mg vs. 7.544 ± 1.362 pg/mg; P < 0.05). However, the level of FGFR1, the receptor of FGF21, kept unchanged under VDN and VDN plus FGF21 administration (0.191 ± 0.0376 ng/mg vs. 0.189 ± 0.032 ng/mg vs. 0.181 ± 0.034 ng/mg; P > 0.05).</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>In the present study, FGF21 was observed to ameliorate the kidney injury in VDN-induced VC rats. FGF21 might be a potential therapeutic factor in CKD by cutting off the vicious circle between VC and kidney injury.</p>

Effects of Therapy of Wound Pus Promoting Granulation Tissue Growth on Related Factors of Granulation Tissue in Rat Chronic Skin Ulcers Based on Drug-wound Interaction / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the effects of therapy of wound-pus promoting granulation tissue growth guided by drug-wound interaction theory on the related factors in granulation tissue during the healing of chronic skin ulcer in rats based on drug-wound interaction. Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, control group, and treatment group, 6 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group had no skin ulcer and was given normal feeding,and the rats with chronic skin ulcer in the other 3 groups were induced by compound factors-overlapped method of hormone intervention-skin defect-bacterial infection. After modeling,the model group was given external use of saline gauze dressing,the control group given external use of vaseline gauze dressing,and the treatment group given external use of Shengji Xiangpi Ointment,changing fresh dressing for wound daily,the treatment lasting for 14 days. Wound sample was taken from the left back of rats, and therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the changes in the wound surface of the rat right back. After intervention for 3,7,and 14 d,the secreta and granulation tissue in the wound surface of rats were observed, the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), arginine-1 (Arg-1), and Notch1 in granulation tissue of rat ulcer wound were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The wound in the treatment group has been healed after treatment for 14 days (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 as compared with the diameter of the ulcer in the model group and the control group) . At the early stage of wound repairing (3 d),the expression levels of VEGF and Arg-1 in the treatment group were increased, and Notch1 expression level was decreased, the difference being statistically significant as compared with those of the model group and the control group (P < 0.05). At the late stage of wound repairing (14 d),the expression level of iNOS in the treatment group was increased,and the difference was statistically significant as compared with that of the model group(P < 0.05). Conclusion The therapy of wound-pus promoting granulation tissue growth guided by drug-wound interaction theory can promote the healing of chronic skin ulcerative wound in rats and improve the general condition of rats. The therapeutic mechanism may be associated with firstly inhibiting the expression of iNOS induced by M1 type macrophage at early stage and then promoting M2 type macrophage phenotype index Arg-1 expression,and regulating the expression of VEGF and Notch1 in the granulation tissue.

Effects of Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid on SOD activity and carbonyl protein content in brain tissue of mice / 中成药

AIM To observe the effects of Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid (Polygoni multiflori Radix Praeparata,Angelicae sinensis Radix,Psoraleae Fructus,etc.) on learning and memory function,hippocampus tissue pathological morphology,SOD activity and carbonyl protein content in SAMP8 mice.METHODS Twenty-seven SAMP8 mice were randomly and equally divided into model control group,donepezil hydrochloride group and Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid group.Another nine SAMR1 mice were selected as normal control group.Mice were given successive intragastric administration for 60 days.On the 56th day,the passive avoidance test was adopted,and the learning and memory capacities were determined after 5 d;The pathological morphology was observed by HE staining;ELISA assay was used to detect the activity of SOD and the content of carbonyl protein in brain tissue.RESULTS Compared with the model control group,the escape latency of mice in the Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid group was significantly prolonged,and the number of errors decreased significantly (P ＜0.01);the pathological morphology of hippocampus tissue was significantly improved;SOD activity increased significantly,and carbonyl protein content decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION Qibao Meiran Oral Liquid can not only improve the learning and memory function of SAMP8 mice,but also reduce the degree of hippocampus tissue degenerative disease.

Carbon fiber-reinforced polyetgeretherketone for femoral head prosthesis and its stability:a biomechanical analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Metal implants have been extensively applied in joint arthoplasty, but the stress shielding effect caused by its high elastic modulus results in a series of complications, such as bone resorption, bone atrophy and prosthesis loosening. Carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF-PEEK) composites are anisotropic and exhibit more advantages used for prosthesis due to its low elastic modulus and high intensity.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the blood compatibility of CF-PEEK composites, and compare the biomechanical properties after arthroplasty between CF-PEEK composites and Co-Cr-Mo used for femoral head prosthesis. METHODS: (1) The blood compatibility of CF-PEEK composites was evaluated through hemolysis test. (2) Femoral samples from eight fresh cadavers were collected and randomly divided into two groups, followed by subjected to CF-PEEK and Co-Cr-Mo prosthesis replacement, respectively. The displacement between the prosthesis and bone was measured under loading 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 N, and the torsional strength after arthroplasty was detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The hemolysis rate of the CF-PEEK composites was 3.23% < 5%, which was in line with the national standards for biological evaluation of medical devices. (2) The micromovement in distal prosthesis was significantly less than that of proximal prosthesis under different loads in both two groups (P < 0.05). (3) The torsion angle under different loads in the CF-PEEK group was significantly less than that in the Co-Cr-Mo group (P < 0.05), and the torsion stiffness in the CF-PEEK group was significantly higher than that in the Co-Cr-Mo group (P < 0.05). (4) To conclude,the CF-PEEK composites possess good blood compatibility and stability, which can be used as a prosthesis material.